According to the author, the realization of this achievement is carried out on the basis of a large number of previous theoretical researches. Alexey Kitaev () proposed a simple quantum dynamics system of fermions in 2015, named the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model. The SYK model shows that the quantum dynamics behavior can be expressed as Look at a holographic quantum gravity effect and suggest that quantum gravity experiments can be done on quantum computers.
A 2019 study showed that by constructing two SYK models through the principle of quantum entanglement, people should be able to carry out “wormhole” transmission of quantum information, generate and measure the expected dynamical properties of traversable wormholes in space. In general relativity, if positive and negative energy fluctuations are in balance, nothing can pass through a wormhole. But if there is a negative energy shock wave, it is hoped that the “wormhole” will be opened, so as to achieve traversal.
Figure丨Concept diagram of quantum information “wormhole” traversal experiment realized on quantum computer (source: Nature)
On the basis of the above theory, the joint research team used the 9 qubits of Google’s plane tree quantum computer, and the qubits were visualized as wave functions. When a qubit information is inserted into a system similar to SYK, at the same time, similar information can be observed from another system similar to SYK on the same quantum processor, indicating that the qubit information is constructed through quantum entanglement. “Wormhole” has achieved traversal.
Although the “wormhole” constructed in this research is under a two-dimensional condition, the dynamics of the process is considered to be the same as the quantum system “wormhole” in the two-dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS) space-time consistent with the expected behavior.
On the Sycamore quantum computer, the difference in the amount of quantum information transferred in different SYK systems was measured under the condition of applying negative energy shock waves and positive energy shock waves. When negative energy blasters are used, more quantum information is transmitted.
In other words, the dynamic characteristics of quantum entanglement information when it is transmitted through a quantum computer are the same as the quantum dynamic characteristics of quantum entanglement information when it passes through a “wormhole”. Due to the sensitivity of this protocol to noise, the high fidelity of the quantum processor used is critical.
Different from the previous research work, it uses the high-speed computing capabilities of quantum computers under high qubits, such as molecular structure prediction based on quantum computing. However, this research is an experiment of directly using the quantum behavior in the quantum computer to realize the quantum transmission “wormhole”, constructing a highly entangled system through the quantum computer, and directly measuring the observation data of the physical system.
On traditional computers, people can only “simulate” this system through a large number of calculations, without actually creating this experimental system. This is determined by the physical properties of quantum computers. In addition to powerful computing capabilities, it can also provide an experimental basis for studying quantum dynamics behavior. The particle physicists who led the research said it was a test of the idea of quantum gravity on a real laboratory experimental test bed.
The significance of this research result is significant, and this work is a successful attempt to observe the dynamics of a traversable “wormhole” in an experimental environment. It is believed that in the future, quantum computers will continue to surpass the capabilities of classical simulations of traditional computers, and will match the scale of physical systems, providing more insights from new perspectives, helping scientists and people to understand the physical world and the way nature operates more clearly .
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